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Bio-Medical
Waste:
Assam has a large number of health care institutions.
The no. of Hospitals and Nursing Homes in the
Towns with Population below 30 lacs with 500 beds
and above are 3 (three); 200 beds and above are
5(five), 50 beds and above are 47 (Forty seven)
and less than 50 beds are 427(four hundred twenty
seven). The State Pollution Control Board, Assam
is the Prescribed Authority in the State to implement
the Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 1998.
Authorization
| (a) |
Every occupier of an institution generating,
collecting, receiving, storing, transporting,
treating, disposing, and/or handling
bio-medical waste in any other manner,
except such as occupier of clinics,
dispensaries, pathological laboratories,
blood banks providing treatment/service
to less than 1000 (one thousand) patients
per month shall make an application
in Form
I to the prescribed authority
for grant of authorization. |
| (b) |
Every operator of bio-medical waste
facility shall make an application in
Form
I to the prescribed authority
for grant of authorization. |
| (c)
|
Every
application in
Form
I for grant of authorization
shall be accompanied by a fee
as prescribed by the State Government. |
|
The
Board has so far identified nearly 482
biomedical waste generators in the State. These
institutions are required to obtain the Authorisation
of the Board and provide adequate facilities for
collection, segregation, treatment and disposal
of biomedical wastes.
How
to obtain Authorization ?
It is the duty of all occupiers to obtain Authorisation
from the Board as per the Biomedical Waste (Management
and Handling) Rules. The application form is obtainable
free of cost from the Board offices or can be
downloaded from the website. Application for Authorisation
is to be submitted with prescribed
fee as Demand Draft in favour of
the Member Secretary, Pollution Control Board,
Assam payable at Guwahati. Conditions regarding
segregation, collection, storage, treatment, disposal,
monitoring, maintenance of records and submission
of reports are laid down in the Authorisation.
Every occupier of an institution generating biomedical
waste has to take all steps to ensure that such
wastes are handled without any adverse effect
to human health and the environment.
Every occupier /operator shall submit an annual
report to the State Pollution Control
Board in Form-II
by 31st January every year to conclude information
about the categories and quantities of bio-medical
wastes handled during the proceeding year. The
State Board shall send this information in a compiled
form to the Central Pollution Control Board by
31st March every year.
As per the Rules the wastes coming under
ten categories are to be placed in
four different coloured
containers/ bags. The wastes have to
be treated using techniques such as deep burial,
incineration, autoclaving, micro waving, mutilation,
shredding and chemical disinfection. The treatment
and disposal facilities in most hospitals are
inadequate.
Prescribed
fee:
|
Sl.
No.
|
No.
of beds
|
Fee
(in Rs.)
|
|
1
|
With
500 beds and above |
2,00,000.00
|
|
2
|
With
200 beds and above but less than 500
beds |
1,50,000.00
|
|
3
|
With
50 beds and above but less than 200
beds |
1,00,000.00
|
|
4
|
Wiht
less than 50 beds |
50,000.00
|
|
5
|
All
other institution generating bio-medical
waste not included above. |
40,000.00
|
|
|
|
CATEGORIES
OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTES
|
|
Option
|
Waste
Category
|
Treatment
& Disposal
|
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
|
Category
No. 1
|
Human
Anatomical Waste(human tissues, organs,
body parts)
|
Incineration/
deep burial
|
| Category
No. 2 |
Animal
Waste(animal tissues, organs, body parts
concusses, bleeding parts fluid blood
and experimental animals used in research,
waste generated by veterinary hospitals
colleges, discharge from hospitals,
animal houses) |
Incineration/
deep burial |
| Category
No. 3 |
Microbiology
& Biotechnology Waste(Wastes from
the laboratory cultures, stocks or specimens
of microorganisms live or attenuated
vaccines, human and animal cell culture
used in research and infectious agents
from research and industrial laboratories,
wastes from production of biological
toxins, dishes and devices used for
transfer of cultures.) |
Local
autoclaving/ microwaving/incineration |
| Category
No. 4 |
Waste
sharps(needles, syringes, scalpels,
blades, glass, etc. that may cause puncture
and cuts. This includes both used and
unused sharps.) |
Disinfection
(chemical treatment/ autoclaving/ microwaving
and mutilation/ shredding. |
| Category
No. 5 |
Discarded
Medicines and Cytotoxic drugs(wastes
comprising of outdated, contaminated
and discarded medicines) |
Incineration/destruction
and drugs disposal in secured landfills. |
| Category
No. 6 |
Soiled
Waste(items contaminated with blood,
and body fluids including cotton, dressings,
soiled plaster casts, lines, bedding,
other material contaminated with body)
|
Incineration
/autoclaving / microwaving |
| Category
No. 7 |
Solid
Waste(wastes generated from disposable
items other than the waste sharps such
as tubing, catheters, intravenous sets
etc.) |
Disinfection
by chemical treatment, autoclaving /
microwavingand mutilation / shredding. |
| Category
No. 8 |
Liquid
Waste(waste generated from laboratory
and washing, cleaning, house keeping
and disinfecting activities.) |
Disinfection
by chemical treatment and discharge
into drains. |
| Category
No. 9 |
Incineration
Ash(ash from incineration of any bio-medical
waste) |
Disposal
in municipal landfill. |
| Category
No. 10 |
Chemical
Waste(chemicals used in production of
biological, chemicals used in disinfection
as insecticides, etc.) |
Chemical
treatment and discharge into drains
for liquids and secured landfill for
solids. |
|
|
|
COLOUR
CODING AND TYPE OF CONTAINER FOR DISPOSAL OF BIO-MESICAL
WASTES
|
|
COLOUR
CODING
|
TYPE
OF CONTAINER
|
WASTE
CATEGORY
|
TREATMENT
OPTIONS AS PER Schedule I. |
|
Yellow
|
Plastic
bag
|
Cat.
1, Cat. 2, Cat. 3, & Cat. 6
|
Incineration
/ deep burial |
| Red |
Disinfected
container / plastic bag |
Cat.
3, Cat. 6, Cat. 7. |
Autoclaving
/ Microwaving / chemical Treatment. |
| Blue
/ white translucent |
Plastic
bag / puncture proof container |
Cat.
4, Cat. 7 |
Autoclaving
/ Microwaving / chemical Treatment and
destruction / shredding. |
| Black |
Plastic
bag |
Cat.
5 and Cat. 9 and Cat.10(solid) |
Disposal
in secured landfill. |
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